The following points highlight the two main compounds formed from sugar and hydroxyl groups. The compounds are: 1. Glycosides 2. Amino Sugars (Hexosamines). Compound # 1. Glycosides: Glycosides are compounds formed by the condensation reaction between a sugar and the hydroxyl group of a second compound or aglycone which may or may not be another sugar. If the carbohydrate portion [...]
The following points highlight the top three classifications of carbohydrates. The classifications are: 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides. Carbohydrates: Classification # 1. Monosaccharides: Trioses and Tetroses: Phosphates of the two trioses, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone, are formed from fructose-1, 6- diphosphate by glycolysis. 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and erythrose-4- phosphate are formed by the hexose monophosphate shunt. Pentoses: Ribose and Deoxyribose are important [...]
The following points highlight the two main pathways in intermeniary metabolism of carbohydrates. Pathway # 1. Gluconeogenesis: In this process glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors. Thus, citric acid cycle and glycolysis are the main pathways of gluconeogenesis. The substrates can be some amino acids, (e.g., proline) lactic acid, glycerol, etc. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids and some organic acids is [...]