The following points highlight the three main functional tests conducted on animals. The tests are: 1. Respiratory Functional Tests 2. Kidney Functional Tests 3. Assessment of Liver by Liver Functional Test. 1. Respiratory Functional Tests: Tests on these functions are often carried out because of their greater sensitivity than morphological changes and also because of their ability to detect reversible [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Causes of Teratogenicity 2. Stage Sensitivity for Teratogenicity 3. Mode of Action of Teratogens 4. Administration of Teratogenic Agent 5. Evaluation of Teratogenic Effects. Causes of Teratogenicity: The toxicants which cause teratogenesis are known as teratogenic agents. A gestating-embryo exhibits great dynamicity of the living cells. The embryonic cells multiply and differentiate [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Skin Toxicity 2. Types of Toxic Effects 3. Effects on Epidermal Adnexa 4. Skin Testing Methods 5. Evaluation of Skin Tests. Introduction to Skin Toxicity: The body of all animals, including humans, is almost entirely covered by a layer termed skin which is usually exposed to a variety of physical [...]