The synthesis of proteins is directed by DNA or genetic RNA, where DNA is absent. The basic information for the polypeptide structure is stored in the polynucleotide chain. The base sequence in the codon determines the amino acids sequence in a particular polynucleotide. In general, there are three views regarding the flow of genetic information and these are one-way, circular [...]
In this article we will discuss about the synthesis of ATP formation. In the early 1930s it was clear that the ADP phosphorylation was coupled to respiration. Lehninger and other workers between 1948-51 conducted biochemical studies on isolated mitochondria and tissue samples. From their studies following general inferences emerged: i. Phosphorylation depended upon oxygen. ii. Mitochondria when isolated catalyzed oxygen-dependent [...]
In this article we will discuss about the non-genetic RNA. Non-genetic RNAs (tRNA, rRNA, mRNA) are synthesized on DNA templates through the process of transcription. The enzyme involved in transcription is "DNA dependent RNA polymerase", or simply "RNA polymerase". In E. coli, a single RNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of all kinds of RNAs. In eukaryotes, there are at least [...]